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Free Zone Offices or Old Offices of the Ottoman Bank or Old Offices of the Salt Monopoly or Thessaloniki Central Port Authority Offices.
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- Ground floor office building located between warehouses 13 and 10. It is an inverted “L” shaped building adjoined with the cold storage facility on the southern and western sides. It spans a total of 1,425 m2. Initially a two story building until the first floor was destroyed in 1939 by a fire. In 1928 when the Free Zone of Thessaloniki was in the process of relocating it’s offices, the ground floor underwent an effort to expand the total space by adding new rooms to western part of the building.
- The building was constructed in 1905 and its purpose served as the offices for the Ottoman Public Debt Administration (Düyun-ı Umumiye).
- With Thessaloniki annexed along the so called “Néon Chorón" to Greece during 1912, in place of the Ottoman Debt Organization, the State Salt Monopoly was created under the Ministry of Finance, which continued to be housed in the same building inside the port.
- The building continued to host the State Salt Monopoly, possibly acting as storage facilities, until 1928. On June 13, 1928, the Commission of the Free Zone of Thessaloniki had made the decision to transfer and install its main offices “in the monopoly building”. By doing this, the space in which the main offices initially resided, at the House of Customs that is, would be converted into warehouses, gaining storage space all the while saving money form transporting goods to other warehouses of the second row and therefore further from the loading dock. The renovation and expansion effort reached a sum of 700,000 drachmas. The State Salt Monopoly was relocated to a new building of the same year at 67 Nikis Avenue.
- After the merging of the Free Zone of Thessaloniki and the Thessaloniki Port Fund into singular organization titled “Free Zone and Port of Thessaloniki” during 1953, the headquarters of this new organization were moved to the offices of the former known Thessaloniki Port Fund located on the first pier of the Port. However, the building continued to house the Free Zone’s directorate offices and the Economic Service of the Free Zone and Port of Thessaloniki. During 1974, efforts were made to extend the offices towards Kountourioti Street.
- Since January 2012, the building houses the Port Police, which was moved from the old its old residence located on the first pier. The building was omitted by the Central Port Authority which undertook the cost of renovations in exchange for the old Port Police building.
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Old Silos
Use for:
The old grain Silo was located at Pier 2, on the eastern side occupying part of the Pier and the actual ground. In general, Silos are cylindrical warehouses used to store bulk solid materials (grains, gravel, etc.). The Silo of the Port of Thessaloniki had a storage capacity of 3,500 tons and was equipped with a large absorption pipe, dubbed “guzzler” in Greek, that reached all the way to the middle warehouse, about the same height as platform4 (E-Z) of Pier 2. It consists of one large tower and 4 rows of 7 cylindrical structures, totaling to a number of 28. Its construction finished during 1913 under contract of Eli Modiano from the French Ottoman Company Operation for the construction of the Port of Thessaloniki. , In 1923 Silo was signed under the concession zone to the Serbian Free Zone of Thessaloniki (later the became the Yugoslav Free Zone of Thessaloniki), but it was not assigned to the Yugoslavs and remained unused by them. During the German occupation, the Silo bombarded by artillery. The German forces ransacked the machinery and it was completely destroyed by an explosion either before or during the withdrawl of the German forces during the October of 1944.
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PAEGAE Warehouse
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- 1. A logistics and general warehousing company established their facilities in the Port of Thessaloniki in one of its largest buildings, the Warehouse that bears the name “PAEGAE”, with a total coverage of 13.872 m2, consists of four floors and is also one of the tallest buildings that dominates the seafront. It history consists of operating with the Free Zone, transport, storage and processing of goods. It also provides a constructional interest as it is one of the first buildings in the city of Thessaloniki that had used the Franki pilling method for establishing the building’s foundation, as it was built on precarious and unstable ground next to the sea.
- 2. The Warehouse was completed in 1927 by a construction company by the name of “TEKTON” as a favor for the Privileged Anonymous Company of General Warehouses of Greece S.A. (or in as it was often abbreviated “PAEGAE”) and its purpose was to cover the increasing storage needs of the Free Zone of Thessaloniki. PAEGAE was founded in 1907 with its headquarters residing in Athens, the company was granted by the Greek state the right to operate as “General Warehouses”. In 1908, during the company's second year of operation, it had already established its presence in five different Greek cities, issuing the first “Receipt of Storage” in the city of Volos, while in the following decades it expanded its network of facilities to over 30 different cities of the mainland and various islands. In Thessaloniki, PAEGAE expanded its activities after the integration of Macedonia into the Greek state. At the first pier (known then as the eastern port) the company initially rented the then warehouse 8 which is known today as the first pier’s Warehouse A.
- 3. The expenses for constructing the building cost 22.000 golden sovereigns, while the initial expenditure was budgeted at over 12.000.000 drachmas. Its structure of entirely reinforced concrete, at the time was considered a great innovation. According to a publication of the Technical Chamber of Greece (or TEE) reads: “The foundation of the building is one of great interest, on one hand due to the known unstable ground it was built on, and on the other hand due to each of the structure’s column’s ability to withstand the significant weight of each floor’s weight plus their respective cargo”. The company TEKTON, at the time and according to the same publication, had the exclusive privilege of implementing “The world famous Franki reinforced concrete pilling system”. (Works, vol. 36, 1926, p. 310) .
- 4. PAEGAE’s warehouse housed storage areas until 1940, following the Second World War, it was commandeered by German armed forces, until their withdrawal in 1945. Between the time frame of 1945 and 1955 it housed materials on behalf of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (or for short UNRRA). Meanwhile, from 1953 and onward it was reinstated as PAEGAE’s warehouse. In 1972, a German clothing company named “Von Baum” settled on the 2nd and 3rd floors of the warehouse. Both ground and first floors were still used by PAEGAE. The two companies were co-located until 1982 until the building became property of the Central Port Authority. Also the ground floor area housed the office of the Food Supply Service since the 1940s, later, the corresponding office of The Ministry Food Supply and then the Ministry of Commerce. Hence the reason for locating archival material in the area.
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Second Pier
(18)
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- Pier 2 (formerly known as the west Port, opposite to the east Port which is known as Pier 1 today) was built by the French Ottoman Company for the construction of the Port of Thessaloniki during the year 1900. On July 20th, 1986, the contract of obligations was signed between the minister of the Sultanate Treasury and the French Engineer by the name of Edmont Bartissol. A year later, during 1987, the French engineer introduced the “Société de construction ottomane du port de Thessalonique“, which translates to Ottoman Construction Company of the Port of Thessaloniki, undertaking the efforts of manufacturing sheds occupying a total area of 8,000 m2. On December 18th, 1904, a new agreement was signed, in which the French Ottoman Company Operation of the Port of Thessaloniki (Société ottomane d'exploitation du port de Salonique) acquired the privilege of operating the port for forty years, thus undertaking a slew of new major port projects, mainly the construction of buildings.
- Initially Pier 2 occupied a total of 10,500 m2. It consisted of the inner wharf 9 (E-Z) which spanned from the frontal wharf towards the breakwater and the external western wharf (Z-H) which had a different structure than today’s. It was a rectangular strip, generally smaller in size compared to Pier 1. The western external side (external wharf Z-H) met with the land about halfway to the internal west side (internal wharf 9 or simply E-Z) without forming a vertical angle. The western external side of the Pier had a wooden platform, as can be seen from the time period’s photographs, which extended into the sea from the Z-H wharf alongside the pier. Blueprints for the construction of Pier 2 in 1950 depicts all it’s buildings and warehouses.
- An online group called "Old Photos of Thessaloniki" located an album from the collection of Sultan Abdul Hamid II and presented a collection of photographs from the construction of present day’s first two Piers. In some of these photographs, a dredger is simultaneously excavating the seafront’s floor and filling in what would be today’s Pier 2, taken on the day of March 11th, 1900. According to researcher Athanasios Efthimios Nikopoulos: “The sand and mud pumped from the seabed will be used as the substructures for the first buildings to be constructed”. In fact, photograph 6 depicts the constructed base of the new pier. Photographs dated July 5th, 1900, depict the a warehouse being built, which in the following years came to be known as Warehouse A. Its coverage was 1,000 m2, with access to the sea from the internal part of the pier. Photographs dated 3rd of August, 1900, and Warehouse A now stands tall. Photographs dated 18 November, 1900, depict a completed wharf and warehouse welcoming its first steamboat to the dock. Immediately afterwards Warehouse B was built, approximately at the site of today’s Warehouse 8. It covered about 1,987 m2 and had access from both sides of the wharf, but had a canopy only from its western exterior side. Between the two warehouses lied 51 meters of free space. A Photograph depicts Warehouses A and B completed and the entire wharf complete, taken sometime in November, 1900.
- During 1913 and under the contract of Eli Modiano, the Silo with a storing capacity of 3,500 tons was officially completed. As can be seen in photograph 18, it had a large grain absorption pipe, dubbed “guzzler” in Greek, which extended until a small building covering 16m2 in the middle of platform 4 (E-Z) between two warehouses. To the west of the Silo, the long and narrow Warehouse III with a coverage of 777m2 was finished during 1917.
- In 1924, with the establishment of the Serbian Free Zone of Thessaloniki and shortly afterward the Yugoslav Free Zone of Thessaloniki, Pier 2 along with the Warehouses, except for the Silo, were transferred for use by the new organizations that arrived. The Yugoslav Free Zone spanned an impressive 94,000 m2, it extended across Pier 2, from the western side, the boundary was a vertical line towards the city that started from point “H”, a point in which the Pier and second dock met. On the eastern side, the boundary line curved, starting from point “E”, a point where the second Pier meets the first dock. The boundary line ran parallel and diagonally towards the sea in order to exclude the office building of the Greek Free Zone of Thessaloniki, the PAEGAE warehouse, Warehouse 15 and 16. The western and eastern parts of the Free Zone of Thessaloniki were connected by a lane in a position which today is considered out of bounds for the Thessaloniki Port Authority and is part of Karatasou Street.
- At the base of Pier 2, owned by the Greek Free Zone, in 1927 the four-story warehouses of PAEGAE were built with a coverage spanning 12,000 m2 for storage purposes. To the west of PAEGAE’s main building was Warehouse 17 (later changed to Warehouse 16). Towards the east followed a Warehouse (later known as Warehouse 13) connected to another building that houses present day’s Port Police. The Port Police building upon it’s initial use in 1905, housed the Ottoman Bank, afterwards during the induction of Thessaloniki into the country of Greece until 1928, it housed the Salt Monopoly in order to house the offices of the Greek Free Zone. In 1939, the first floor was destroyed by a fire and since then it has remained a single-story building and as aforementioned, it was granted to the Port Police in 2012. Behind the PAEGAE Warehouse, stood Warehouses 16, 15, 14, and 13 in which only warehouses 14 and 15 are still currently preserved, today as mentioned before, neighboring warehouses bear the titles of 13 and 16.
- After 1931, Warehouse I was built by the Yugoslav Administration, it was generally a smaller warehouse of 350 m2 and served as an extension for Warehouse A from its western facade. Following afterwards was the old Silo which had not been assigned to the Yugoslav Administration hence it remained unused. Warehouse III was used by the Yugoslavs as stables for livestock. A few meters in front of the warehouse the Yugoslavs built a smaller 400 m2, Warehouse IV as it was called, also used as a stable for livestock. Next to those two, facing the city, Warehouse V was built with a smaller coverage of 200 m2 and was criticized for its lightweight and shoddy design. Subsequently Warehouse VI shared a similar form with a coverage of 795 m2. Finally, after 1931, Warehouse VII was constructed, spanning 150 m2 and sat next to the sea serving as a bathing area. Inland, the Yugoslav Administration built the following: a three-story building which housed their the main Yugoslav Free Zone offices (building VII), building IX and building X that covered about 240 m2 and was used as a cold storage facility, also building XI which served as a guardhouse near the entrance of the Yugoslav Free Zone. Additionally, Pier 2 brought 1,500 m. of railway lines and a functional water network and road network. During the German occupation of Thessaloniki the Yugoslav Free Zone was obviously not operational. The Germans looted the equipment of the Administration building and destroyed the Yugoslav Free Zone archive. The German Administration used Pier 2 as an anti-submarine base, so 4 small warehouses were built in order to meet the Germans needs to operate. Eventually, the Germans had to withdraw their forces, upon their exit, warehouses A, B, I, IV, V, VI as well as the Silo were destroyed by explosions.
- The restoration of Yugoslavia’s diplomatic relations with Greece began in 1950 and slowly Yugoslavian trade started moving along again normally through the Greek Free Zone. In practice the Yugoslav Free Zone operated without an administration from the Greek officials tasked with managing Yugoslav transit. In 1952, the Yugoslav government became interested in its re-opening. The project for of the Free Zone started on May 29, 1953. The Yugoslav Free Zone in cooperation with the Thessaloniki Port Fund reconstructed old Warehouse B on Pier 2, 2400 m2, part of which belonged to the Yugoslavs and partly to the Greek organization. Supposedly, during 1962, warehouse 8 acquired its new title due to the new numbering of the port's warehouses. Also, the Yugoslav Free Zone renovated Warehouse VI into a 2400 m2 shed, while it rearranged some of the available space into an 800 m2 open air space. The Yugoslav Free Zone became operational on August 1, 1954, and in December 1954, traffic of commercial ships was reinstated.
- Operations of the Yugoslav Free Zone ceased in 1975 and Pier 2 became property of the Thessaloniki Port Authority. The extension of Pier 2 can be identified in plans from the Thessaloniki Port Fund during 1950-1953, but it saw a delay of 30 additional years. In 1976, a competitive tender was announced for the construction of platform Z-H. During 1979 a portion of it was built but ultimately, it was not until 1982 that the project was completed, thus giving Pier 2 the current “triangle” shape that it is known for.
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Silos
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- The new and improved Silo, a suction warehouse located in the Port of Thessaloniki, on Pier 4 at dock 16 and saw its completion during the year of 1963. The northern part of the silo has two floors with a total coverage of 372 m2. Its ground floor houses the structure’s transformer, an open shed and the Silo’s workshop. The floor also contains a corridor that connects the panel operator’s room, 80 changing rooms, a kitchen and sanitary facilities. The Silo’s tower is comprised of 14 floors, 12 above ground and 2 underground. Its height reaches 52.30 meters above the ground and a depth of 6.90 meters bellow. The actual volume of this section is 7,282 m3 and the height of each floor us 4 meters. The third section occupies the southernmost part of the Silo and extends to a height of 41.10 m above the ground and a depth of 4 meters below it. Now, the total volume of this section is 44,018 m³ and is divided into 48 vertical storage areas. Now, the accumulated total volume of the building is 52,880 m³. The building is used to store and reload bulk products, mainly agricultural products. The hourly absorption capacity was estimated at 150 tons, while the daily capacity was 3,600 tons. In total it had the capacity to store 20,000 tons.
- The construction of the New Silo and the other smaller ones was deemed necessary for the Port of Thessaloniki due to its role as an extensive and fertile grain-producing hinterland whose surpluses are channeled to other demanding locations. The Silo enables mechanical unloading, storage, automatic weighing, loading of vehicles. In general the Silo enables the facilitation of rapid loading and unloading alongside storage of bulk grain products. Finally, the Silo reduces the costs of handling. It was 1960 when the project was included in the state’s budget. So, in 1960 when the construction of Pier 4 began it saw its completion in 1964, meanwhile within that 4 year period, during 1962 the construction of the Silo began, but its main construction works were carried out in 1963. In 1964, most of the structure had already been built. What remained was the completion of the mechanical installations, which took place the following year. The new Silo was finally completed during July of 1965. The presence of such a huge building transformed the image of the Port as it stands dominantly in all photos since then. Aerial photograph 8 depicts the harbor with all the completed piers, the Silo visibly standing out as a landmark.
- The new Silo began operating on July 10, 1965, with grain, sorghum and barley being handled through it. Statistics show that until December 31, 1965, 551 tons of linseed, 21,404 tons of wheat, 1,369 tons of barley, 250 tons of sorghum were imported, meaning a grand a total of 23,574 tons passed through the Silo. Accordingly, 551 tons of linseed, 6,180 tons of wheat, 1,367 tons of barley and 96 tons of sorghum were exported, for a total of 104.098 tons. In 1967, 106,158 tons of wheat were loaded and unloaded. In 1968, 76,309 tons of wheat and 19,131 tons of barley were loaded and unloaded.
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Warehouse D or Old Warehouse 9
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- Warehouse D is a two-story building with a total coverage of 2000 m2, located at the southern end of pier 1. Built by a french establishment called “Société Anonyme Ottomane de Construction et Exploitation du Port de Salonique” or referred to commonly as the French Exploitation Company, initially, warehouse D was known as warehouse 9 during the period of 1900 to 1902. The architecture of warehouse 9 was in the same vein as the all the other warehouses built by the French Exploitation Company. Specifically and according to reports, the frame and the roof were “made of iron beams, with an external brickwork wall composed of ½ bricks and wooden floors resting on wooden pillars”. Before the second world war, warehouse 9 housed the Transport And Export Customs Office of Thessaloniki D.
- Warehouse 9 was subsequently destroyed by a fire that took place on the night of April 9th, 1941 at 8 in the evening during the withdrawal of the Greek and British troops, one day before the German armed forces seized control of the port. The materials of the damaged warehouses were used by the German Administration for the repair of other remaining warehouses. After the war, British troops entered the port and proceeded to completely demolish warehouse 9 with the intent to use any remaining materials for other projects in the Port. Years later warehouse D was built and completed during 1959 following the same design as warehouse 9. In 1997, it was reconstructed to host the Thessaloniki Cultural Capital of Europe and with available spaces for events, offices, a library, etc. Since then, it has been used as a venue for various lectures and film screenings during the Thessaloniki Film Festival. It has two 250-seat halls that also are utilized for lectures, accompanied by a full set of cinema equipment and a translation center.
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Λατομείο Ευκαρπίας
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Αρτάκη
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- Η Αρτάκη είναι παράλια πόλη στο διαμέρισμα Μαρμαρά της Τουρκίας. Απέχει 120 χιλιόμετρα από την Κωνσταντινούπολη.
- Η πόλη είχε κατά συντριπτική πλειονότητα ελληνικό πληθυσμό μέχρι το 1922 όπου και ακολούθησε η εξόντωσή του. Ο πληθυσμός της πόλης σύμφωνα με την οθωμανική απογραφή του 1891 ήταν 33.007 κάτοικοι, από τους οποίους η πλειοψηφία ήταν έλληνες 29.165 (89%), οι τούρκοι ήταν μόλις 3.070 (9%) και στο θρήσκευμα η πλειονότητα των κατοίκων ήταν χριστιανοί (91%)[3]. Μετά την συνθήκη της Λωζάνης και την ανταλλαγή των πληθυσμών, οι περισσότεροι κάτοικοι, όσοι είχαν επιζήσει της καταστροφής της Αρτάκης, εγκαταστάθηκαν σε παραχωρηθείσα έκταση στην κεντρική Εύβοια, όπου και ίδρυσαν τον οικισμό της Νέας Αρτάκης. Άλλος τόπος εγκατάστασης των Αρτακηνών ήταν και τα Σήμαντρα Χαλκιδικής.
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Νιχώρι
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- Το Νεοχώρι (Nihor) ήταν χτισμένο τρία χιλιόμετρα νοτιοδυτικά του Τσακηλίου, απείχε δε 6 χιλ από τις Μέτρες. Ονομαζόταν και Νιχώρι, ενώ στα τούρκικα Yeniköy, σήμερα η τουρκική του ονομασία είναι Ovayenice. Στην Ανατολική Θρ΄κη υπήρχαν πολλά χωριά με την ίδια ονομασία. Ήταν αμιγώς ελληνικό χωριό και δεν είχε χτιστεί πριν το 1780. Ο Καλλισθένης Χουρμουζιάδης μας πληροφορεί ότι το Νιχώρι παλαιότερα ήταν αγρόκτημα, το οποίο είχε χαρίσει κάποιος φονιάς σε κάποια Σουλτάνα. Όταν κάηκε το τσιφλίκι του Ελμπασανίου, οι Καρυώτες, που ήταν εργάτες στο τσιφλίκι, αναγκάστηκαν να αγοράσουν από τη Σουλτάνα το αγρόκτημα και να το μετατρέψουν σε χωριό. Οι κάτοικοί του ασχολούνταν με τη γεωργία, την κτηνοτροφία, την αμπελουργία και τη δεντροκαλλιέργεια. Το 1863 ζούσαν 60 ελληνικές οικογένειες. Κατά τα έτη 1910-1912 κατοικούσαν 958 Έλληνες.
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Βρύουλα( Βουρλά)
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- Τα Βουρλά είναι μια πόλη της Επαρχίας της Σμύρνης στην Τουρκίας. Βρίσκεται 38 χιλιόμετρα μακριά από την Σμύρνη
- Ήταν σημαντικό κέντρο πολιτισμού όπως αποδεικνύεται από τις αρχαιολογικές ανακαλύψεις, κατά πάσα πιθανότητα από την εποχή του Χαλκού
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